Internet Society 2004 Annual Report Strengthening the Internet Community Through Education, Policy, Standards, and Member Activities TABLE OF CONTENTS Our Vision Foreword by Lynn St. Amour, President and CEO, Internet Society ISOC in 2004: A Year in Review What Is the Internet Society? Related Organisations: Internet Engineering Task Force Related Organisations: Public Interest Registry Plans for the Future: ISOC's Goals and Objectives Members, Chapters, and Partners: Global Presence, Local Strength Financial Report Notes on Financial Information For More Information OUR VISION The Internet Society believes that the Internet is for everyone. From its inception the mission of the Internet Society has been to promote the open development, evolution, and use of the Internet for the benefit of all people throughout the world. People in all parts of the world can use the Internet to improve their quality of life because the standards, technologies, business practices, and government policies connected with the Internet sustain an open universally accessible platform for innovation, creativity, and economic opportunity. Complementing its vision of the future is the Internet Society's vision of its role in creating that future: As the hub of a global network of individuals and organisations, the Internet Society is an effective advocate for the core values of an open and accessible Internet. FOREWORD BY LYNN ST. AMOUR, PRESIDENT AND CEO, INTERNET SOCIETY [LSA Photo] The Internet faced a number of new challenges during 2004. Among them were calls to revisit how Internet resources are managed. The debate on Internet governance-as it came to be known-started during the first phase of the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) in Geneva at the end of 2003 and continued throughout 2004 in a new forum-the Working Group on Internet Governance (WGIG)-set up by United Nations Secretary- General Kofi Annan to prepare the groundwork for the second phase of WSIS in 2005. The Internet Society (ISOC) found itself at the centre of many of these discussions, and its close connections with the organisations behind the development and administration of the Internet enabled it to bring together many of the key players to cooperate on the important task of explaining how the Internet works and who makes it work. The Internet governance debate meant that proposals that could affect the future stability of the Internet were being discussed at the highest possible levels in national governments. ISOC welcomed the increased interest and participation of government representatives and at the same time realised how much more needed to be accomplished in order to foster a common understanding of how the Internet works and how relevant organisations have contributed to make the Internet so successful. During 2004 ISOC placed significant focus not only on active participation in such forums as WSIS and WGIG but also on related educational activities, many of them held with ISOC partners and specifically targeting decision makers. While ISOC has achieved a considerable degree of success, much remains to be done, and the continued support of all members, Chapters, and partners is critical. These public policy activities further strengthened ISOC's long-standing cooperation with such organisations as the Regional Internet Registries, the root server operators, and the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN), and we were pleased to see that our combined messages were being heard, reflected on, and repeated by many individuals and organisations responsible for policy decisions in their regions. The year 2004 also saw a continuation of ISOC's long-standing initiatives related to the development of a sustainable Internet capability in developing countries. Together with the Internet community, ISOC has developed and delivered educational programmes that support significant outreach and capacity- building efforts. An important goal of the programmes is that they become self-sustaining by means of a train-the-trainer approach that enables local communities to maintain, deliver, and further develop education programmes in their regions. Events such as the African Network Operators' Group (AfNOG) in the Africa region and Workshop para AmŽrica Latina y el Caribe (Internet Workshop for Latin America and the Caribbean, or WALC) in the Latin America region are good examples of how this can work.In June, ISOC held the first in a series of new workshops for country-code Top-Level-Domain (ccTLD) operators. The workshops, which continue ISOC's long tradition of delivering network training to developing countries, were held in response to numerous requests for technical education as well as for help with best practices relevant to running exemplary registry services. ISOC's ccTLD workshops represent just one of the initiatives made possible by contributions from the Public Interest Registry (PIR), managers of the .ORG gTLD. PIR supports and enhances ISOC's mission and programmes by contributing to ISOC-managed programmes. As the organisational home of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), ISOC is uniquely positioned to help policy makers not only understand the implications of Internet technologies but also build fair and effective Internet coordination policies that encourage the development of the Internet for the benefit of the people in their countries and regions. During 2004, ISOC actively sup-ported the IETF's administrative restructuring process. By the end of the year, the IETF community had committed to the establishment of an IETF Administrative Support Activity (IASA) within ISOC. An IASA transition team was formed to start work on the detailed implementation of the new activity, including the recruitment of an IETF Administrative Director.Many of ISOC's initiatives and programmes are made possible by member support. Organisations that realise the importance of a stable, accessible Internet help resource ISOC activities, and Chapters and Individual Members work to develop and implement ISOC-supported programmes in regional and local communities. Members are very important to ISOC, and ISOC thanks every one for their valued support.There is still much to be done, and I look forward to working with all our members and partners worldwide in 2005 to build upon ISOC's many successful efforts to date and to work toward a future in which the benefits of the Internet are enjoyed extensively by everyone, everywhere. [ISOC Programme Expenditures 2004 Pie Chart] [ISOC Total Revenue Expenses, and Net Assets from 1995 to 2004 Bar Chart] ISOC IN 2004 A YEAR IN REVIEW During 2004, ISOC continued to build up activities in several areas. ISOC-supported programmes and projects contributed greatly to increasing technical competence as well as to raising awareness of policy and social issues concerning the many facets of the Internet.Following the first phase of the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) in December 2003, there was during 2004 a sharper focus than ever before on the subject of Internet governance. ISOC played an important role in the ongoing debate by working to explain the importance of preserving and developing the unique open, bottom-up, consensus-based processes that have made the Internet so successful. ISOC's education activities, policy statements, Member Briefings, and member activities were key components of this effort. ISOC also built on the success of its well-established educational initiatives by making educational materials widely available through its ever-growing Workshop Resource Centre. In response to local needs, a new series of workshops was launched for ccTLD operators, and these turned out to be great additions to the ongoing Network Training Workshops that have been hallmarks of ISOC's education efforts in the least-developed countries for many years. As the organisational home of the IETF, ISOC was asked to provide significant support for the IETF's administrative restructuring efforts, and this led to the formation of a new IETF Administrative Support Activity (IASA) that is to become a formal function within ISOC. In the area of membership, the development of a number of new activities was initiated, including a major project to replace ISOC's membership system. In addition, ISOC's first ever Membership Director was hired, and this is increasing ISOC's ability to reach out and fully engage all members and Chapters. Internet Standards New IETF Administrative Support Activity (IASA) In late 2003, the Internet Architecture Board (IAB) set up an ad hoc advisory committee to look into and make recommendations concerning the future administrative needs of the IETF. The committee's report was published in early 2004 as RFC3716 and entitled The IETF in the Large: Administration and Execution. ISOC was asked to support the IETF in the latter's follow-up efforts to establish an administrative restructuring process that would propose changes to effect the improvements recommended by that report. The IETF community engaged in the discussion and refinement of draft proposals and by the end of the year had progressed to a commitment to establish an IASA within ISOC. An IASA transition team was established as the IETF community continued wrapping up discussion of the final details to define the IASA. www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3716 Public Policy Increased policy outreach ISOC participated in several major forums during 2004, including meetings related to WSIS, the new UN Working Group on Internet Governance (WGIG), the UN ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) Task Force, and ICANN. ISOC's messages in support of maintaining an open Internet were recognised more widely than ever before, and the society's outreach efforts were well received by ISOC's partner organisations across the world. These efforts were supported by the ISOC Web site, by ISOC's significant participation in many international conferences, and by a steady supply of new information bulletins and publications on topical Internet issues. ISOC also carried out a number of member surveys on these issues. The results were published in the ISOC member newsletter and on the ISOC Web site. www.isoc.org/pubpolpillar/, www.isoc.org/members/surveys/ Broadening the governance debate A special feature of the INET'04 conference-held in Barcelona, Spain, in May 2004 with Spain's Internet Global Congress-was an ISOC track aimed specifically at governments and policy makers. In the context of an increasing debate over what has been labeled Internet governance, this track set out to broaden the discussion by showing why cooperation models are needed and how they support an open, close-to-the-end-user, consensual, and inclusive Internet. Respected expert speakers explained how these models can evolve to include new partners in Internet coordination activities as the Internet itself continues to evolve. Sessions in the track covered the following topics. - The Changing Internet Standards Game - Next-Generation Policies for the Next-Generation Internet - Rethinking Internet Governance: Intergovernmental Institutions and ICANN - Rethinking Internet Governance: Promoting Participation by Developing Countries and Civil Society Organisations - Rethinking Internet Governance: The Roles of Intergovernmental Institutions, Private Authority, and Multistakeholder Partnerships Explaining the implications of Internet technologies The INET'04 conference also pro-vided ISOC with an opportunity to develop and deliver special tutorials to explain the technology and policy implications of technologies such as Internationalised Domain Names (IDNs) and IPv6. The Public Interest Registry (PIR) provided sponsorship of the IDN tutorial. ISOC would like to thank Fundaci— Barcelona Digital for its support with the organisation of INET'04. www.isoc.org/inet04/ Developed with the assistance of ISOC experts from the business, academic, and technical communities, ISOC Member Briefings highlight some of the key issues surrounding selected Internet technologies and discuss their possible implications for the Internet industry. Member Briefings published during 2004 covered areas such as the Domain Name System (DNS) and IDNs. Support for ISOC's Member Briefings is provided by ISOC's Platinum Members: Afilias, Asia Pacific Network Information Centre (APNIC), American Registry for Internet Numbers (ARIN), Microsoft Corporation, RŽseaux IP EuropŽens-Network Coordination Centre (RIPE NCC), and the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida). www.isoc.org/briefings/ Education Making technical training available to all ISOC's Workshop Resource Centre (WRC) is a joint activity of ISOC and the Network Startup Resource Center (NSRC). It is a centralised service that collects resources related to Internet networking workshops and makes them publicly available via a dedicated Web site. Content includes technical training material on network design and deployment as well as planning tools to help workshop organisers develop and hold local events. The ultimate goal of the WRC is for content development to become self-sustaining and for site users to form a support network that would support emerging training needs around the globe. Since going live in February 2004, the WRC has been promoted widely to developing countries through a large number of training events and publications. It has been used extensively as a major resource by planners of network training workshops in all parts of the world. By the end of 2004 the WRC contained over 330 items from about 30 workshops. The Web site had received over 402,000 hits by people from 50 countries. Development of the WRC was made possible thanks to support from .ORG and Qualys Inc. ws.edu.isoc.org Capacity building through regional workshops ISOC's Network Training Workshops facilitate knowledge transfer to local operators and policy makers. Many of those who attended these workshops have gone on to help build the Internet infrastructure in their countries. Workshop graduates have also used their newly acquired skills to train those responsible for running and maintaining that infrastructure. And in the true spirit of ISOC, some have also worked to bring together those with an interest in developing the potential of the Internet, enabling local users, operators, and policy makers to play active roles in the broader Internet community. During 2004, .ORG sponsorship enabled ISOC to support regional activities in Africa (AfNOG and AfriNIC), Asia (SANOG), and Latin America (WALC, CEDIA). Details of these regional workshops follow. AfNOG and AfriNIC 2004 In May, Afilias provided funding to facilitate ISOC support of the AfNOG network training workshops and the AfriNIC meeting in Dakar, Senegal. These events were well attended, and participants included a number of Senegalese visitors from government and other local organisations and authorities. The AfriNIC meeting was a particularly significant occasion for the emerging African Internet Registry because it was the first-ever public policy meeting focusing on the proposed set of policies to govern AfriNIC in its service region. The main outcome of the AfNOG workshop is that the participants are equipped to develop and maintain scalable Internet protocol (IP) networks in their countries. They are also now equipped with sufficient training material to enable them to train other technical professionals in their community, thereby carrying technologies further into the emerging networks. Highlights of the AfNOG 2004 workshops included sessions on IETF specifications for IP telephony as well as tutorials on DNS and on managing spam and viruses for Internet service providers. www.afnog.org, www.afrinic.org WALC 2004 Participants from 14 countries attended the seventh workshop for Latin America and the Caribbean, held in Cuzco, Peru, i October. There were six tracks, with sessions on wireless data networking, information services, Internet routing techniques, and computer network security. This was the first time that a track was dedicated entirely to wireless data transmission; this track had the highest attendance. www.walc2004.cepes.org.pe CEDIA ISOC and .ORG provided support for workshop routing kits and donated books for two workshops that the NSRC conducted in Ecuador with the nascent R&E network in March 2004. With support from ISOC, the National Science Foundation, and Cisco Systems, the NSRC provided technical assistance and hands-on training for the Consorcio Ecuatoriano para el Desarrollo de Internet Avanzado (CEDIA) and the Fundaci—n para la Ciencia y la Tecnolog’a to help develop Ecuador's national research and education network. Forty students participated in each workshop. www.cedia.edu.ec SANOG 2004 Fifty participants attended two South Asian Network Operators Group (SANOG) workshops in Bangalore, India (SANOG III), in January, and 60 participants attended the three workshops in Kathmandu, Nepal (SANOG IV), in July. ISOC and .ORG provided support for both events, and the NSRC organised and taught a new track that was added in Kathmandu on IP services: Open Source Software and system administration. Highlights of SANOG IV included workshops on routing, DNS, DNSSEC, and IP services. Tutorials covered multiple tracks on such subjects as handling spam and VoIP. www.sanog.org New Workshops support local ccTLD operators In June, ISOC held the first of a new series of workshops to provide technical training for ccTLD operators who manage the servers and services for their national registries. The workshops help participants maintain stable, secure, and reliable services for their respective Internet communities. They also assist ccTLD operators in coordinating registry policy needs and their technical resources, so that they can make informed choices about how to implement policies, operational goals, and management procedures in cooperation with their national Internet community. Participants also learned about current policies and procedures for working with the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) and ICANN on ccTLD management issues. The RIPE NCC provided facilities in Amsterdam for the first event, and ISOC thanks it for its support. The workshop brought together operators of ccTLDs in the following countries: Benin, Burundi, Ghana, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Uruguay. The second event took place in October at the Asian Institute of Technology in Bangkok. Participants came from Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, East Timor, Kazakhstan, Laos, Mongolia, and Vietnam. www.isoc.org/educpillar/cctld/ ISOC support facilitates innovative solutions to development issues ISOC's and .ORG's support of Small Grants Programmes in Asia (Pan-Asia programme) and Latin America (Frida programme) has helped fund local and regional initiatives that provide innovative networking solutions of specific development issues. ISOC was on equal partnership status with all other partners of the programmes, and ISOC-nominated experts sat on the committees that selected projects for funding. For the Pan-Asia programme, two types of grant were available. Small grants were awarded up to US$9,000, while project grants of up to US$30,000 were available. Seven Pan-Asia grants were awarded in 2004 to projects in Cambodia, India, Nepal, and Vietnam covering areas ranging from telemedicine to environmental protection. The Frida programme, administered by the Latin American and Caribbean Internet Addresses Registry (LACNIC) with ISOC as a major sponsor, has awarded more than 10 grants to projects in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru, Uruguay, and Venezuela. Projects include supporting the development of wireless community networks, the implementation of grid research integration deployment and tools for the integration and administration of network services, and security management in Latin American networks. www.isoc.org/isoc/media/releases/040323pr.shtml SEINIT: Security Expert Initiative to develop a trusted and dependable security framework ISOC is one of 13 European consortium members that signed a two-year contract with the European Commission to address areas of security and privacy based on the IPv6 protocol. The EUR 5 million project, funded by the European Union and the Swiss government, will develop a security framework for end-users via multiple devices and heterogeneous networks. SEINIT defines innovative security models and policies to address the issues of a pervasive computer world. ISOC's role is to support education and awareness-building activities. www.seinit.org Bringing cost-effective Internet connectivity to the Caucasus and Central Asia ISOC provided support to the Virtual Silk Highway project-a broad initiative aiming at sustainable National Research and Education Network (NREN) organisations in three Southern Caucasus countries (Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia) and five Central Asian countries (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan). ISOC funding enabled an intensive educational programme for the NREN staffs including workshops on security, IPv6, distance education, and top-level domain administration. www.silkproject.org Communications and Community Building New Annual Report supports outreach efforts The year 2004 saw the publication of ISOC's first-ever annual report. The publication, which was made available in both electronic and hard-copy formats, became an important tool for promoting ISOC activities, particularly in discussions with potential sponsors of ISOC-supported initiatives, prospective Organisation Members, and partners. www.isoc.org/isoc/reports/ar2003/ New systems facilitate new services Work continued on implementation of new ISOC membership and accounting systems. The systems will facilitate new membership activities aimed at enabling Chapters and individuals to develop and thrive by using better services, tools, and support. ISOC surveys: Listening to members During 2004 ISOC held a number of member surveys on topical Internet issues. The surveys provide ISOC with an excellent opportunity to get feedback from membership on what they consider important. This input is used to shape future ISOC activities and to provide a unique global view of the opinions of Internet users worldwide. www.isoc.org/members/surveys/ [Sidebars] In July 2004, Dr. Tarek Kamel, a former member of the ISOC Board of Trustees, former ISOC Vice President of Chapters, and co-founder of the Internet Society of Egypt was appointed Minister of Communications and Information Technology in the cabinet of the new Egyptian government. Other graduates of Network Training Workshops who have gone on to hold senior-level government positions include Dr. Juma Okech (Secretary of the E-Government Directorate in the Cabinet Office of the President of Kenya) and Orlin Kouzov (CEO of the Bulgarian ICT Development Agency). In August 2004 Phill Gross was the recipient of the prestigious Jonathan B. Postel Service Award. A co-founder of the IETF, Gross was instrumental in defining and shaping the way the IETF standards process functions. He was awarded the Postel Service Award in recognition of his early leadership of the IETF and for firmly establishing the principles that are essential for its success. Gross is currently Director of Academics and Technology at Northern Virginia ECPI College of Technology. The Jonathan B. Postel Service Award was established by ISOC to honour those who have made outstanding contributions in service to the data communications community. The award focuses on sustained and substantial technical contributions, service to the community, and leadership. The award is named after Dr. Jonathan B. Postel, who embodied all of these qualities during his extraordinary stewardship over the course of a 30-year career in networking. [.ORG logo] During 2004, .ORG sponsorship enabled ISOC's educational activities in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. .ORG also provided support for many of ISOC's public policy initiatives, including those related to the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) and the Working Group on Internet Governance (WGIG). [Tarek Kamel photo] Through its international network training programs, ISOC has played a pivotal role in helping developing countries initiate their first Internet connections. I've been a member of ISOC for more than ten years-as a student of the earliest Network Training Workshops, an organizer of those workshops in Africa, co-founder of the Egyptian ISOC chapter, a member of the ISOC Board of Trustees, and a Vice President of Chapters. I've witnessed ISOC actively promoting its motto, The Internet Is for Everyone, and am certain that its worldwide Chapters and broad base of Individual and Organisation Members will continue to support global Internet cooperation. In October 2004 Dr. Stephen L. Squires joined ISOC's Board of Trustees. Dr. Squires is Vice President and Chief Science Officer at Hewlett-Packard Co., where he provides leadership in establishing strategic scientific and technical directions. Prior to joining Hewlett-Packard, Squires was Special Assistant for Information Technology to the Director of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). He developed and oversaw the scalable systems parts of their Strategic Computing Programme, Federal High Performance Computing and Communications Programme, and the latter's extension to the National Information Infrastructure. WHAT IS THE INTERNET SOCIETY? The Internet Society was founded in 1992 to promote the evolution and growth of the Internet as a global communications infrastructure, to provide support for the Internet Engineering Task Force, and to encourage the responsible and effective use of the Internet through education, discussion, and advice to public policy makers. Many of the improvements that have been realised since then in Internet technology and operation and Internet access and use in developing countries can be attributed to ISOC's activities. ISOC enjoys a well-deserved reputation for integrity and service to the public interest and is recognised as a strong advocate for the core values of an open and accessible Internet. Mission and Role ISOC's mission is to achieve its vision of a world in which everyone everywhere is connected to an open and universally accessible Internet. The mission of the Internet Society is to promote the open development, evolution, and use of the Internet for the benefit of all people throughout the world. Along with its natural partners-ISOC members and Chapters, the IETF, and PIR-ISOC is embedded within a fabric of Internet organisations, each with its own role to play and pursuing its own mission. ISOC collaborates with those other organisations-including ICANN, the root server operators, the NSRC, and the Regional Internet Registries (RIRs)-and with national and international government and civil society groups that share its vision, including the European Union and the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida). Collectively, these organisations tile, or span the public policy, operations, and management space. Within this network of shared purpose, ISOC's specific role is to promote the formulation and adoption of policies that make the Internet accessible to everyone; to safeguard the integrity and continuity of the context within which the Internet develops and operates; to support and contribute to the continuing evolution of the Internet as an open, decentralised platform for innovation, creativity, and economic opportunity; and to bring authoritative, unbiased information about the Internet to individuals and organisations in every part of the world. Core Values ISOC's core values are the fundamental principles that guide all of the society's activities. These are the beliefs and commitments on which ISOC's mission is based. Many of them are shared by the other organisations with which ISOC collaborates. - The quality of life for people in all parts of the world is enhanced by their ability to enjoy the benefits of an open and global Internet. - Well-informed individuals and public and private policy makers make up the foundation of an open and global Internet society. - The genius of the Internet is that its decentralised architecture maximises individual users' power to choose (or create) and use the hardware, software, and services that best meet users' needs, and if the Internet is to continue to be a platform for innovation and creativity, its open, decentralised nature must be preserved. - Enduring and sustainable progress toward ISOC's vision is best achieved by a combination of global initiatives and activities at a local level that engage people in their home regions. - Technical standards and Internet operating procedures should be developed and asserted through open and transparent processes, with minimal barriers to participation or access to information. - The social, political, and economic benefits of the Internet are substantially diminished by excessively restrictive government or private controls on computer hardware or software, telecommunications infrastructure, or Internet content. - Rewarding and productive use of the Internet depends on the ability to trust critical services. Scope of ISOC Activities The scope of ISOC activities is both broad and central. Because ISOC holds that the Internet is for everyone, every Internet user is a potential beneficiary of ISOC activities on behalf of an open and accessible Internet. ISOC is uniquely positioned at the intersection of development-oriented (technical) groups, public policy, and educational activities and serves as the hub of a global network of individuals and organisations that are collectively working toward the shared vision of an Internet that benefits everyone everywhere. The interaction among activities in three complementary areas-standards, policy, and education-is a particularly important source of credibility and impact for ISOC. The relationship between ISOC and the IETF, for example, enables ISOC to speak with unique authority on technical matters in education workshops and in public policy forums, and ISOC's reputation as a reliable source of accurate and unbiased information in the education area contributes to its policy-area objective of ensuring that government decision makers be well-informed. ISOC's beneficiaries include both present and future users. An important dimension of ISOC's mission is its commitment to future Internet users, to whom ISOC recognises a responsibility to sustain the progress of innovation that has brought so many benefits to today's users. ISOC Staff Nancy Cole, Finance Manager, Reston, Virginia Lynn DuVal, Director of Finance and Administration, Reston, Virginia Peter Godwin, Communications Manager, Geneva Martin Kupres, Corporate and Institutional Development Manager, Geneva Mirjam KŸhne, Senior Programme Manager, Amsterdam David McAuley, Membership Director, Reston, Virginia Nelson Sanchez, Senior Programme Manager, Geneva Anne Shroeder, Webmaster and System Administrator, Reston, Virginia Lynn St. Amour, President and CEO, Geneva Terry Weigler, Office Manager and Membership Administration, Reston, Virginia ISOC Vice Presidents Jim Galvin (eList eXpress LLC) ISOC VP for Chapters and Individual Membership Michael Nelson (IBM Corporation) ISOC VP for Public Policy ISOC Advisory Council Ed Juskevicius (Nortel Networks) ISOC Advisory Council Chair ISOC sincerely thanks the Vice Presidents, the Chair of the Advisory Council and their employers for their support of ISOC. ISOC Board of Trustees The board generally consists of not more than 20 trustees, each holding office for a period of three years and for no more than two consecutive terms. Trustees are nominated, selected, and elected by ISOC Organisation Members, ISOC Chapters and Individual Members, and the IETF standards organisation. ISOC Trustees as of December 2004 With their representative region, term of office, and officer title Fred Baker* U.S.A./Americas, 2002-05, Chair Steve Crocker* U.S.A./Americas, 2003-06 Rosa M. Delgado* Switzerland/Europe, 2000-06 Erik Huizer Netherlands/Europe, 2002-05 Veni Markovski Bulgaria/Europe, 2002-05 Desiree Miloshevic England/Europe, 2004-07 Glenn Ricart U.S.A./Americas, 2002-05 Stephen L. Squires U.S.A./Americas, 2004-07 Lynn St. Amour* Switzerland/Europe, 2001-, President/CEO Patrick Vande Walle Luxembourg/Europe, 2004-07 Margaret Wasserman U.S.A./Americas, 2003-06 Pindar Wong* Hong Kong/Asia, 2003-06 Trustees Emeriti Osten Franberg Sweden/Europe, 2002-04 Alan Greenberg Canada/Americas, 2001-04 Don Heath U.S.A./Americas, 2001-04 Latif Ladid Morocco ME/Africa, 2001-04 Larry Landweber U.S.A./Americas, 2004 Toshio Miki Japan/Asia, 2002-04 Kees Neggers Netherlands/Europe, 1998-2004 George Sadowsky U.S.A./Americas, 2000-04 Officers Glenn Ricart U.S.A./Americas, 2003-04, Treasurer Scott Bradner U.S.A./Americas, 2003-04, Secretary Committees George Sadowsky U.S.A./Americas, 2004-05, Elections Committee Chair Margaret Wasserman U.S.A./Americas, 2004-05, Nominating Committee Chair Glenn Ricart U.S.A./Americas, 2004-05, Audit Committee Chair * Denotes Executive Committee Member [Sidebar] 012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789 ISOC is proud that among its founders are a number of individuals with long-term involvement in the Internet. They include two of the Internet's most esteemed pioneers-Vinton G. Cerf, Senior Vice President of Technology Strategy at MCI, and Robert E. Kahn, Chairman, President, and CEO of the Corporation for National Research Initiatives. Cerf and Kahn were joint winners of the 2004 A.M. Turing Award, considered the "Nobel Prize of Computing," for pioneering work on the design and implementation of the Internet's basic communications protocols. RELATED ORGANISATIONS INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE The Internet Society is proud to be the organisational home of the Internet's premier Internet standards-making body: the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Without the technical achievements of the IETF and its participants, the Internet would never have become the success that it is today. The IETF standards process involves several groups, including ISOC, the Internet Architecture Board (IAB), the Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG), the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA), the Internet Research Task Force (IRTF), the Request for Comments (RFC) Editor and the IETF itself. ISOC funds the RFC Editor and provides insurance coverage and discretionary funds for the IETF. ISOC also acts as the IETF's educational channel to communicate and promote standards internationally. As a standardisation body, the IETF focuses on the development of protocols used in IP-based networks. Its unique process is based on "rough consensus and running code." The IETF is different from most standardisation bodies in that it is a totally open community with no membership requirements. It is an international community of network designers, operators, vendors, and researchers concerned with the evolution of Internet architecture and smooth operation of the Internet. As an open forum, anyone can join the activities of the IETF. IETF standards are specifications that are stable and well understood; are technically competent; have multiple, independent, and interoperable implementations with substantial operational experience; enjoy significant public support; and are recognisably useful within some or all parts of the Internet. IETF standards are freely available on the Internet, without cost, to everyone. The IAB is chartered by the Internet Society Board of Trustees to provide oversight of the architecture of the Internet and its protocols. The IETF Nominations Committee nominates candidates for the IESG and IAB. The IAB confirms the IETF chair and the nominations of IESG candidates. ISOC's Board of Trustees confirms the nominated IAB members. The IESG also administers the Internet standards process according to community-defined rules and procedures. The IESG is responsible for actions associated with the progression of technical specifications along the standards track, including initial approval of new working groups and final approval of specifications as Internet standards. The IESG is composed of the IETF area directors and the IETF chair, who also serves as IESG chair. The IANA is responsible for assigning Internet protocol parameters and works with the IETF on the basis of a memorandum of understanding (RFC 2860). Many protocol specifications include numbers, keywords, and other parameters that must be uniquely assigned. Examples include version numbers, protocol numbers, port numbers, and management information base numbers. The IRTF consists of a number of Research Groups working on topics related to Internet protocols, applications, architecture, and technology. The IRTF chair is appointed by the IAB. In addition to managing the Research Groups, the IRTF may from time to time hold topical workshops focusing on research areas of importance to the evolution of the Internet or may hold more general workshops to discuss research priorities from an Internet perspective. An example of an IRTF Research Group is the Anti-Spam Research Group, which addresses new or improved anti-spam tools and techniques as well as administrative tools and techniques. The RFC Editor is an organisation (financially supported by and under contract to ISOC and overseen by the IAB) responsible for the publication of RFCs-a series of formal documents of the Internet community. The documents include but are not limited to Internet standards documents. Organisational Structure The IETF consists of a number of working groups (WGs) classified into several areas. Currently, there are seven areas: Applications, General, Internet, Operations and Management, Routing, Security, and Transport. Three IETF meetings are held annually. In meetings or mailing list discussions, decisions are made based not on formal voting but on rough consensus. The IESG considers standards. The specification documents of the Internet protocol suite, as defined by the IETF and the IESG, are published as RFCs. The RFC editor prepares and publishes the RFCs and is responsible for final editorial review of the standards in their definitive form. Funding ISOC provides a major source of funding and support for the IETF and its processes. Notably, ISOC funds 100 percent of the RFC Editor function. Funding for these efforts is provided by ISOC Organisation Members as well as ISOC's Platinum Sponsors for Internet standards programmes: APNIC, ARIN, RIPE NCC, and Microsoft. Other Support ISOC's contributions also extend to policy and public relations support on behalf of the IETF as well as legal and insurance coverage. ISOC is the IETF's sole source of financial support apart from IETF meeting fees. Support from companies whose products and services so clearly depend on the standards developed by the IETF is essential. www.ietf.org, www.iab.org, www.iesg.org, www.irtf.org, www.iana.org Review of IETF Activities During 2004 General Area In the General area, which mainly looks after IETF process issues, updated RFCs were approved that set out the IETF's intellectual property rules. Area Highlight: How the IETF works with IPR IETF policies about intellectual property rights (IPR), such as patent rights, relative to technologies developed in the IETF are designed to ensure that IETF working groups and participants have as much information as possible about any IPR constraints on a technical proposal. RFC 3978 (IETF Rights in Contributions) and RFC 3979 (Intellectual Property Rights in IETF Technology) clearly explain how the IETF works with IPR. Applications Area Several long-running Applications area working groups completed their work in 2004, including the Internet Printing Protocol (IPP), Message Tracking Protocol, Instant Messaging and Presence, Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol, MTA Authorisation Records in DNS, and Calendaring and Scheduling working groups. Two new working groups were chartered to produce specifications for Web syndication and mail filtering. Area Highlight: Atom: Syndicating Web content The Atom Publishing Format and Protocol working group started work in 2004 on formalising the specifications for a feed format for representing and on a protocol for editing Web resources such as Web logs (blogs), online journals, Wikis, and similar content. The feed format facilitates syndication, which is the provision of a channel combining information from multiple resources in a single document. Typical uses for Atom feeds include tracking changes and updates to Web sites through a reader utility. Although work is still in progress, Atom feeds have already proved to be very popular with major Web log operators such as Blogger (run by Google, a new ISOC Organisation Member) adopting the format. Internet Area In 2004 the Internet area was expanded to include four working groups that had been formed within the temporary Sub-IP area: the Virtual Private Network (L2VPN & L3VPN), Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TPEXT), and Pseudo Wire Emulation (PWE3) working groups. Work continued on traditional Internet area efforts such as IP version 6 (IPv6) and Domain Name System Security (DNSSEC). By the end of 2004, nearly all of the IPv6 core specifications were at the Draft Standard level, indicating that the core IPv6 specifications are now stable and widely implemented. The Secure Neighbor Discovery (SEND) working group completed its charter, providing a mechanism for securing the low-level mechanism that IPv6 uses to map IPv6 addresses to MAC addresses in most networks. The DNSSEC specification was nearly complete, with completion expected in early 2005. DNSSEC offers a practical approach for securing the Domain Name System (DNS), a critical piece of the Internet infrastructure. Area Highlight: NEMO: A new standard for network mobility Mobility work also continued within the Internet area, with an emphasis on enabling fast handoff and routing optimisation in mobile IP (MIP) networks. A new standard for Network Mobility (NEMO) was published that allows entire networks, such as those that might be found on a boat or airplane, to change their point of attachment to the Internet. A new working group, Detecting Network Attachment was started to explore mechanisms for detecting changes to the point of network attachment, particularly in mobile or wireless networks. Operations and Management Area In the Operations and Management area, the Policy Framework working group concluded its work and was closed. In the area of Network Management, work continued on the Network Configuration protocol (NETCONF). The ISMS (Integrated Security Model for SNMP) working group was started (housed in the Security area) to try to improve operational aspects of SNMPv3 and to try to integrate better with existing and commonly deployed security infrastructures. Furthermore, two new working groups were started within the Operations and Management area: OPSEC (Operational Security Capabilities for IP Network Infrastructure) and RADIUS EXTensions (radext). Area Highlight: Defining the security features for tomorrow's networks The Internet is being recognised as a critical infrastructure similar in nature to the power grid and a potable water supply. Just like those infrastructures, means are needed to provide the Internet with resiliency and adaptability so that it remains consistently available to the public throughout the world even during times of duress or attack. Network operators need the appropriate feature sets and tools on their infrastructure devices to ensure that they can effectively deploy and manage their networks securely while maintaining the ability to provide reliable service for their customers. Vendors need guidelines on which security features and functionality are critical for operators to be able to reach that goal. The OPSEC working group will produce a list of capabilities appropriate for ISP networks and enterprise networks. Routing Area Two new working groups were created in the Routing area in 2004: The Routing Area working group (RTGWG) was chartered to host a number of smaller projects in the Routing area, including one on IP fast-reroute technologies. The Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) working group was chartered to specify a generic protocol for bidirectional forwarding detection. BFD is a protocol intended to detect faults in the bidirectional path between two forwarding engines, including physical interfaces, subinterfaces, data links, and, to the extent possible, the forwarding engines themselves, with potentially very low latency. It operates independently of media, data protocols, and routing protocols. An additional goal is to provide a single mechanism that can be used for liveness detection over any media, at any protocol layer, and with a wide range of detection times and overhead so as to avoid a proliferation of different methods. Two working groups completed work in 2004: BGMP (Border Gate-way Multicast Protocol) and MSDP (Multicast Source Discovery Protocol). During the year, a number of RFCs were published, including specifications for BGMP and MPLS (Multi-protocol Label Switching) fast reroute. Security Area In the Security area, all of the S/MIME specifications were updated to reflect current practice, supporting the dominant use of RSA for signature and key management. Support for AES was also added. In support of multicast security, the MIKEY key management protocol was published. In support of European PKI initiatives, the X.509 certificate profile for Qualified Certificates was updated. In support of the Global Grid Forum, the X.509 certificate profile for Proxy Certificates was published. An X.509 certificate extension to indicate the assignment of IP address blocks and Autonomous System (AS) numbers was specified. The hope is that IANA and the RIRs will employ this extension in a manner that will enable ISPs to validate the assignment of Internet address space. Area Highlight: Enhanced security for allocating Internet resources IP address space is currently managed by a hierarchy nominally rooted at IANA but managed by the RIRs. IANA allocates IP address space to the RIRs, which in turn allocate IP address space to ISPs, which may allocate IP address space to downstream providers, customers, and so on. RFC 3779 (X.509 Extensions for IP Addresses and AS Identifiers) is intended to add an extra level of security to this process. The RFC describes X.509 v3 certificate extensions that bind either a list of IP address blocks or a list of AS identifiers to a certificate, thereby facilitating verification of the authority of a body to transfer custodianship of the specified Internet resources. This is an example of an IETF standards activity aimed at supporting and enhancing the current successful Internet administration processes. Transport Area In 2004 the Transport area had many noteworthy events, including publication of the IP storage protocols (iSCSI and the Fiber Channel over TCP/IP) RFCs, Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP) Full Standard, Secure Real-Time Transport Protocol (SRTP), and Procedures for Modifying the Resource Reservation Protocol. New working groups were set up for TCP oversight (TCPM), Emergency Context Resolution using Internet Technologies (ECRIT), which takes advantage of the location/privacy technology work passed by the Applications area in 2004 and Network address translator guidance (BEHAVE). Internet Engineering Steering Group Members (2004) Internet Architecture Board (IAB) Members, 2004 Leslie Daigle, VeriSign (IAB Chair) Bernard Aboba, Microsoft Harald Alvestrand, Cisco (IETF Chair) Rob Austein, Internet Systems Consortium Patrik FŠltstršm, Cisco Sally Floyd, ICIR Mark Handley, University College London Bob Hinden, Nokia Geoff Huston, APNIC Jun-ichiro Itojun Hagino, IIJ Eric Rescorla, RTFM Pete Resnick, Qualcomm Jonathan Rosenberg, Dynamicsoft Ex Officio Vern Paxson, ICIR (IRTF Chair) Liaisons Joyce Reynolds, ISI (RFC Editor Liaison) Lynn St. Amour, ISOC (ISOC Liaison) Bert Wijnen, Lucent (IESG Liaison) IETF Chair Harald Alvestrand, Cisco Applications Area Ted Hardie, Qualcomm Scott Hollenbeck, VeriSign Internet Area Thomas Narten, IBM Margaret Wasserman, ThingMagic Operations and Management Area David Kessens, Nokia Bert Wijnen, Lucent Routing Area Bill Fenner, AT&T Alex Zinin, Alcatel Security Area Steven Bellovin, AT&T Labs-Research Russ Housley, Vigil Security Transport Area Allison Mankin, Shinkuro Jon Peterson, NeuStar Liaison and Ex Officio Members Leslie Daigle, VeriSign (IAB Chair) Barbara Fuller, Foretec Seminars (IETF Executive Director) Michelle Cotton, Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA Liaison) Joyce Reynolds, ISI (RFC Editor Liaison) Rob Austein, Internet Systems Consortium (IAB Liaison) [Sidebars] The IETF EDU team manages IETF's internal education efforts that are focused primarily on role and process education for IETF participants and leaders. Responsibilities include tutorials for IETF newcomers, introductory sessions for working group chairs, and technical training.To find out more about the work of the EDU team, refer to edu.ietf.org. Future Internet Technology Areas to Watch Fending off public network predation. People and systems that take dvantage of the Internet's essentially open nature are creating spam, denial-of-service attacks, and deliberate attempts to mislead end users with false network identifiers (phishing and pharming). The technical challenges are to continue to support the inherent liberty that fosters Internet growth while curtailing these activities.Blogging: content or revolution? Web logs (blogs) are recognised primarily for their dynamic content. However, their next step could be to challenge the boundaries of the application that hosts them. The IAB held a messaging workshop in the autumn of 2004 and discussed potential directions for the evolution of Internet-based communications.Networking while on the go. Mobility at all levels is required in order to adequately support the modern networker. The architectural challenge is to ensure that various levels of the protocol stack can support the distinction between an identifier (which is invariant) and a locator (which will update), even as the basic definition of what constitutes a network host evolves. RELATED ORGANISATIONS PUBLIC INTEREST REGISTRY [PIR logo] [.ORG logo] Public Interest Registry Supports ISOC's Mission and Programmes A major source of programme funding for many of ISOC's initiatives is the Public Interest Registry (PIR), a not-for-profit corporation created by ISOC in 2002 with ISOC as its sole member. ISOC was awarded the privilege of operating .ORG as the result of a competitive bid process conducted by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN). PIR's mission is to manage the .ORG domain in an exemplary manner and to ensure that it is the home for non-commercial entities on the Internet. Through ISOC, PIR has the benefit of long-established and well- recognised mechanisms in place for responding to and involving non-commercial Internet users.PIR contributes to, supports, and enhances ISOC's mission and programmes by contributing surpluses generated by .ORG domain registration revenues to the sponsorship of ISOC-managed programmes in line with the following common purposes of ISOC and PIR: - To facilitate and support the continuing evolution of the Internet as a research, education, and communication infrastructure and to stimulate involvement of the non-profit community and others in the continuing growth and evolution of the Internet- To educate the non-profit community and the public at large about technology and the Internet and to encourage others to do the same - To stimulate and facilitate effective use of the Internet by non-profit organisations and others In the area of public policy, .ORG support enables ISOC to develop and promote programmes and communication activities in support of an open Internet. In 2004 that effort was concentrated on the WSIS and WGIG activities. In the area of education, .ORG support has made possible certain initiatives such as the ISOC Workshop Resource Centre and regional network training workshops in many parts of the world. All of these activities are examples of ways ISOC supports public interest programmes with the proceeds of .ORG domain name revenues generated by PIR. Afilias Limited, a global leader in advanced domain name registry services, provides registry support services for PIR and is an ISOC Platinum member. www.pir.org, www.afilias.org PLANS FOR THE FUTURE: ISOC GOALS AND OBJECTIVES ISOC pursues its mission and upholds its core values through programmes and projects that are designed to achieve specific objectives. The goal of each programme is clearly and directly related to the achievement of ISOC's mission, and the operating plan for each programme is governed by ISOC's core values. These goals and objectives link the ISOC mission (theory) to specific programmes and projects (practice). In each area, a strategic plan asserts an ambitious objective that serves both to arouse the expectation of significant, meaningful accomplishment and to motivate all of the programmes and projects ISOC undertakes within that area. Standards ISOC's activities in the standards area support the ISOC mission by upholding the model of Internet standards development that maximises participation and delivers the greatest benefits to people throughout the world and by making the fruits of that process freely available to everyone. ISOC's goals for standards programmes are: - To ensure the integrity and continuity of the environment within which the IETF pursues its open, inclusive, and transparent bottom-up model of Internet standards development - To ensure that the Internet standards process is accessible to every person who wishes to participate - To make information about the Internet standards process and its products freely and widely available to everyone ISOC's ambitious objective in the standards area is universal recognition (1) of the IETF as the forum for development of core Internet standards and (2) of the IETF process as the best model for development of all Internet standards. During 2005, ISOC will work together with the IETF to finalise its ongoing administrative restructuring activities, including the appointment of the IETF's first Administrative Director. As the umbrella organisation for the IETF, ISOC will provide the organisational and financial framework for the IETF to be able to conduct its important work in the development of Internet standards. ISOC will also help ensure that IETF standards become widely disseminated and will continue cooperating with respected technical experts to bring technical information to a wide audience. As part of these activities, ISOC will launch a new publication to explain current developments in the world of IETF standards. Public Policy 012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789 ISOC's activities in the public policy area support ISOC's mission by up-holding and defending core values in local, national, and international public policy forums, where decisions are made that affect the ability of people throughout the world to enjoy the benefits of the Internet. ISOC focuses on the context, process, and results of government or government-sponsored activities that affect either directly or indirectly the way the Internet operates, evolves, or is used. In pursuing its public policy objectives, ISOC operates collaboratively and inclusively, working with governments, national and international organisations, and other parties to reach decisions about the Internet that conform to ISOC's core values. ISOC's goals for programmes within the public policy area are: - To adopt, assert, and defend policy positions consistent with ISOC's mission and core values- To promote awareness of public policy issues and activities that affect the Internet ISOC's ambitious objective in the public policy area is to promote, support, and defend the following five abilities on behalf of all Internet users: - The Ability to Connect. The edge-dominant end-to-end architecture of the Internet is essential to the Internet's utility as a platform for innovation, creativity, and economic opportunity. To preserve this quality, ISOC will oppose efforts to establish standards or practices that would make it difficult or impossible for some users of the Internet to use the full range of Internet applications of all kinds. - The Ability to Speak. The Internet is a powerful mass medium for self-expression that depends on the ability of its users to speak freely. ISOC holds that the Internet must support private-and when appropriate, anonymous-means of communication and collaboration among individuals and groups and will oppose efforts to restrict the type or content of information exchanged on the Internet. - The Ability to Innovate. The remarkable growth of the Internet and the limitless variety of Internet applications follow directly from the open model of Internet connectivity and standards development. Any individual, organisation, or company can develop and distribute a new Internet application that can be used by anyone. ISOC recognises the enormous value of such innovation and will oppose government or non-government restrictions on the evolution and use of Internet technology. - The Ability to Share. The many-to-many architecture of the Internet makes it a powerful tool for sharing, education, and collaboration. It has enabled the global Open Source community to develop and enhance key components of the Internet-such as the Domain Name System and the World Wide Web-and has made the vision of digital libraries a reality. To preserve those benefits ISOC will oppose technologies and legislation that would inhibit the freedom to develop and use open-source software or limit the well-established concept of fair use, which is essential to scholarship, education, and collaboration.- The Ability to Choose. Government regulation and the economic power of incumbent telecommunication monopolies can delay or prevent the growth of the Internet by limiting the ability of competitors to provide new, better, cheaper, or more-innovative Internet-related services. ISOC advocates policies that promote competition in telecommunications, Internet services, Internet-related software, and e-commerce applications. Education ISOC's activities in the education area support ISOC's mission by bringing essential Internet-related information and training to people throughout the world. ISOC's goals for education programmes are: - To provide and distribute information related to the Internet and its technologies to individuals and to public and private organisations, including governments - To provide assistance with Internet deployment and use for people in technologically developing countries and regions - To promote the development of self-sustaining communities able to effectively deploy and exploit local and regional education and training resources ISOC's ambitious objective in the education area is to bring accurate and reliable information about the Internet and assistance with Internet deployment and use to everyone everywhere in an accessible local context (including language, culture, medium, and economics). In all of its activities, ISOC will continue soliciting and welcoming comments from members and Chapters. Together, members and Chapters constitute vital and active sources of local competence, expertise, and knowledge. [Sidebars] In 2005 ISOC will continue to grow its role in the policy area. A specific focus will be on cooperation with partners, members, and Chapters to defend the current successful consensus-based processes that support Internet administration. ISOC is ideally positioned to reach out to government representatives and policy makers and to play a bridging role between Internet technology and policy.In conjunction with ISOC's extensive network of respected technical and policy specialists, ISOC will continue training and education activities that target policy makers. This is an essential step towards ensuring that policy makers are equipped with a good understanding of the technical functions of the Internet in order to enable them to make the most-appropriate policy decisions possible. ISOC will continue to support regional activities and operator groups to build local self-sustaining technical communities. ISOC will work with the Network Startup Resource Center to expand content and develop new features for the ISOC Workshop Resource Centre.ISOC will continue to work with those experts who contributed to the success of the 2004 ccTLD workshops. Material will be expanded and a registration tool developed for use in operations. The next ccTLD workshops will target regions with the highest needs. MEMBERS, CHAPTERS, AND PARTNERS: GLOBAL PRESENCE, LOCAL STRENGTH ISOC's Individual Members, Chapters, and Organisation Members promote and pursue ISOC's mission in all parts of the Internet community and all parts of the world. ISOC also partners collaboratively with other organisations that share its vision and core values. Individual Members The Internet Society was founded in 1992 as an individual-membership organisation for people who believe in the potential of the Internet to improve the lives of everyone everywhere, and Individual Members in all parts of the world continue to play important operational and strategic roles in ISOC. ISOC differs from traditional membership organisations-which typically focus mainly on serving their members-in that ISOC's primary mission is to support the development of the Internet. ISOC members are partners who participate in the pursuit of the ISOC mission. Anyone who agrees to the ISOC Code of Conduct may join ISOC as an Individual Member. ISOC has two Individual Membership levels. Individuals may join ISOC as Global Members free of charge or choose to join ISOC as Sustaining Members and pay an annual membership fee. In addition to the benefits enjoyed by Global Members, Sustaining Members are eligible to participate in the election of several ISOC trustees. ISOC's 21,000 Individual Members form a diverse worldwide community of people who believe in the ISOC vision, are committed to ISOC's mission, and embrace ISOC's core values. Some are interested professionally in the Internet and its technology, many are simply concerned about the role that the evolving Internet will play in their lives and in their communities. ISOC links all of its members to each other and to the many companies, organisations, and government bodies that are shaping the future of the Internet. Throughout ISOC's history, Individual Members have served ISOC as volunteers, generously contributing time and talent to ISOC's development. In addition, Individual Members are encouraged to participate in Chapters, thereby enriching the ISOC community through service. Chapters Internet Society Chapters are organised voluntarily by members who reside in a particular geographic region-such as a city, country, or larger geographic area-or share an interest in a common subject-such as disabilities or special needs. Chapters are approved by ISOC under procedures developed to empower locally meaningful activity while retaining an overall commitment to the joint achievement of ISOC's common mission. They are expected to serve the interests of their specific geographic or non-geographic segment of the global Internet community in a manner consistent with ISOC's mission. The roles of Chapters are both to locally and regionally amplify ISOC's efforts to achieve its mission and to infuse ISOC with local and regional perspectives on developments and issues that affect the evolution of the Internet. The Chapter relationship is very much a two-way street: Chapters are effective local and regional agents of the ISOC mission and also important sources of the information that informs that mission. Like members, Chapters are partners that participate in the pursuit of our joint mission. Chapters enable members to be personally involved in the future of the Internet. They bring a sharper and more personal focus to local and regional issues affecting the Internet, and they provide opportunities for those issues to be recognised. Chapters also offer opportunities for members to network with other Internet-oriented people and to participate in locally organised programmes and events that promote ISOC's core values. www.isoc.org/chapters/ [ISOC's 21,000 Individual Members by Region in 2004 Pie Chart] ISOC Chapters Worldwide Africa 1.Benin 2. Cameroon 3. Egypt 4. Gambia 5. Ghana 6. Mali 7. Mauritius 8. Morocco 9. Niger 10. Nigeria 11. Senegal 12. South Africa 13. Uganda Asia 14. Bahrain 15. Bangladesh 16. Georgia 17. India-Delhi 18. Indonesia 19. Israel 20. Japan 21. Pakistan 22. Palestine 23. Philippines 24. Saudi Arabia 25. South Korea 26. Taiwan 27. Thailand 28. Turkey Europe 29. Belgium 30. Belgium-Wallonia 31. Bulgaria 32. Catalan 33. Denmark 34. England 35. Finland 36. France 37. Germany 38. Greece 39. Hungary 40. Ireland 41. Italy 42. Luxembourg 43. Netherlands 44. Norway 45. Poland 46. Scotland 47. Slovenia 48. Spain 49. Spain-Aragon 50. Spain-Asturias 51. Spain-Galicia 52. Spain-Madrid 53. Sweden 54. Switzerland-Geneva Latin America and the Caribbean 55. Argentina 56. Brazil 57. Colombia 58. Ecuador 59. Mexico 60. Peru 61. Puerto Rico 62. Venezuela Northern America 63. Canada 64. Canada-Quebec 65. Canada-Toronto 66. U.S.A.-Chicago 67. U.S.A.-Hawaii 68. U.S.A.-Los Angeles 69. U.S.A.-New Jersey 70. U.S.A.-New York Metro 71. U.S.A.-South-Central Texas 72. U.S.A.-Washington, D.C. Oceania 73. Australia 74. Pacific Islands Non-geographic Disability and Special Needs [ISOC Chapters Worldwide Map} Organisation Members Organisation Members attune ISOC to the broad range of Internet standards, public policy, and infrastructure interests of the private sector, of civil society, and of non-commercial, government, and non-government institutions. Their perspective is infused with the well-developed insight of organisations that in one way or another depend on the global Internet for their success. Representatives of each member organisation bring that perspective to ISOC through the Advisory Council. ISOC's Organisation Members include corporations; non-profit, trade, and professional organisations; foundations; educational institutions; government agencies; and other national and international organisations that share ISOC's commitment to an open and accessible Internet. Financial and institutional support by those organisations is critical to the success of ISOC's standards, education, and public policy activities. ISOC welcomes Organisation Members at several different levels of annual financial support and receives general and directed grants that are offered in addition to membership fees. Organisation Members enhance ISOC's credibility and authority by endorsing ISOC and its mission. www.isoc.org/orgs/ [ISOC Organisation Members by Industry in 2004 Pie Chart] Organisation Members That Supported the Internet Society During 2004 ACOnet Afilias Alcatel APNIC ARIN Association for Computing Machinery Assumption University of Thailand Ausregistry Avici CERN Cisco CNRI Coalition for Networked Information Core Denic DISA Dubai Municipality Dynamicsoft Ecma EDUCAUSE Ericsson ETRI ETSI Geneva Financial Centre Gibtelecom Google Hewlett-Packard Hitachi Hungarnet IAjapan IBM IEEE INFN-CNAF Informatics and Telematics Institute Intel Interisle Consulting Group Internet Initiative Japan Internet2 Japan Network Information Centre Japan Registry Service Co. Ken Stubbs Internet Presence Consultant Lombard Odier Darier Hentsch Lucent Matsushita Electric MCI Mentat Microsoft Motorola NEC NOB Nokia Nominet NORDUnet Nortel Northwestern University NTT Nysernet OKI Electric O'Reilly & Associates RIPE NCC SBC Laboratories, Inc. Sendmail S.H.G.S. Sida Siemens SITA Skyarch Songnetworks Stockholm University Sunet Sun Microsystems Surfnet Swiss Federal Office of Communications Swisscom Switch TERENA Thales UKERNA Uni-C University of Washington VanDyke Software WIDE ISOCs Platinum Programme [Afilias logo] [APNIC logo] [ARIN logo] [RIPE NCC logo] [Microsoft logo] [Sida logo] ISOC's Platinum programme enables supporters to dedicate their contributions to specific areas of activity. Funds are placed in a restricted account as determined by the designation made by the Platinum member and will be used for the purposes designated. Platinum sponsorship annual fees begin at US$100,000 and are discounted by 50 percent for nonprofit organisations. Benefits for Platinum programme sponsors include opportunities to: - Designate funds for sponsorship of specific Internet activities and projects - Be recognised prominently on ISOC's Web site and in ISOC publications - Use the ISOC logo and a statement of Platinum sponsorship status in the sponsor organisation's marketing and promotional materials - Participate on ISOC's Advisory Council - Participate in the governance of ISOC via the selection of up to six Board of Trustees members, with voting weighted by membership level - Provide major financial and organisational support for the IETF - Participate in and support ISOC's worldwide education programmes - Participate in the development of ISOC's global public policy positions- Support the publication of Member Briefings to educate the public and media on basic issues of the Internet industry www.isoc.org/members/platinum.shtml Platinum Programme Members and Their Areas of Support During 2004 Internet Standards APNIC (Asia Pacific Network Information Centre), ARIN (American Registry for Internet Numbers), and RIPE NCC (RŽseaux IP EuropŽens-Network Coordination Centre) a re Regional Internet Registries providing services related to the technical coordination and management of Internet number resources in their respective service regions. www.apnic.org, www.arin.net, www.ripencc.net Microsoft, founded in 1975, is a worldwide leader in software, services and solutions. www.microsoft.com Public Policy Afilias is a global leader in advanced back-end domain name registry services and provides a wide range of advanced capabilities essential to the smooth and efficient operation of any Internet domain name registry. Afilias services support the operation of the .ORG registry. www.afilias.org Education Sida (the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency) is a government agency that reports to Sweden's Ministry for Foreign Affairs. The goal of Sida's work is to improve the standard of living of poor people and, in the long term, to eradicate poverty. www.sida.se [Sidebars] [Dr. Andreu Veˆ photo] In 1995 a group of Catalan entrepreneurs co-founded one of the first ISOC Chapters. Since then, the most significant benefit I've enjoyed by being an ISOC member is the ability to contact those who've faced the same problems I'm facing. Most people think of the Internet as a hardware network-a collection of routers and telecom links. I like to point out that one of the most valuable aspects of the Internet is the network of outstanding individuals who are ready to help each other. ISOC plays an important role in bringing these people together. -Dr. Andreu Veˆ, co-founder and former President, ISOC Catalan chapter. Currently Vice President, ISOC Spain chapter. The Internet Society was formed to reflect the society that the Internet creates. We now know that it creates many societies and communities. I consider myself to be a member of many of the societal groups that are found on the Internet. -Vinton G. Cerf, Senior Vice President, Technology Strategy, MCI, and co-founder of the Internet Society ISOC is the organisation that supports development of an Internet that actually works, built on a sound technical base, with an end-to-end structure that delivers substantial benefit to users all around the world. -Tony Hill, President, ISOC Australia chapter ISOC is a meeting of minds and trends that are shaping the Internet. It is an organisation whose role in the global debate about the Internet and its coordination makes it uniquely relevant to governments, civil society, the technical community, and the business world. There isn't a sector of society that doesn't in some way benefit from ISOC's insights, publications, training workshops, stewardship of the IETF, or public policy activities. -Dr. Alejandro Pisanty, President, ISOC Mexico chapter As an industry we rely on the ongoing efforts of individuals in the IETF to discuss, debate, and provide solutions to the myriad problems we are faced with. We owe it to the IETF and the Internet community at large to play our part in supporting these activities. As part of our overall commitment, we recently increased Alcatel's membership status in the Internet Society to that of a Silver Member, and we encourage other organisations to do the same. -Scott Nelson, CTO, Alcatel's Fixed Communications Group RIPE NCC's choice to become a Platinum Member of ISOC reflected our members' view of the importance of the work of the IETF and the RFC editor. Over the years our cooperation has intensified, particularly through joint activities surrounding WSIS. In our view, ISOC plays a vital role not only as a focal point for coordination between the many parties that operate the Internet infrastructure but also through its significant outreach and educational efforts. -Axel Pawlik, General Manager, RIPE NCC STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION 31 December, 2004 31 December, 2003 Assets Cash and cash equivalents $1,136,400 $480,077 Endowment-Public Interest Registry 3,365,827 4,225,828 Accounts receivable 51,422 200,734 Prepaid expenses 35,536 28,616 TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS 4,589,185 4,935,255 Furniture, equipment, leasehold (Net) 73,488 83,196 Other Assets Deposits 118,717 8,213 TOTAL ASSETS $4,781,390 $5,026,664 Liabilities and Net Assets Current Liabilities Accounts payable $191,086 $44,685 Accrued salaries and benefits 93,555 53,584 Security deposits payable 12,077 12,035 Deferred revenue 159,922 319,385 TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES 456,640 429,689 Other Liabilities Endowment payable- Public Interest Registry 3,365,827 4,225,828 TOTAL LIABILITIES 3,822,467 4,655,517 Net Assets Unrestricted 812,399 351,111 Temporarily restricted 146,524 20,036 TOTAL NET ASSETS 958,923 371,147 TOTAL LIABILITIES & NET ASSETS $4,781,390 $5,026,664 STATEMENT OF ACTIVITIES AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS For the Year Ended 31 December, 2004 (with Summarized Totals for the Year Ended 31 December, 2004) temporarily unrestricted restricted totals 2004 totals 2003 Revenue Programme support $2,400,000 - $2,400,000 $1,850,000 Organisation Members and Platinum sponsors 1,013,678 - 1,013,678 899,835 Individual Member donors 7,375 - 7,375 13,450 Individual Member dues 5,325 - 5,325 - Conferences and misc. 100,082 224,316 324,398 201,482 Net assets released from restrictions 97,828 (97,828) - - TOTAL REVENUE 3,624,288 126,488 3,750,776 2,964,767 Expenses Direct programme costs 2,516,953 - 2,516,953 1,802,894 General and administrative 626,047 - 626,047 515,920 Postel Award 20,000 - 20,000 20,000 TOTAL EXPENSES 3,163,000 - 3,163,000 2,338,814 Change in net assets 461,288 126,488 587,776 625,953 Net assets, beginning of year 351,111 20,036 371,147 (254,806) Net Assets, End of Year $812,399 $146,524 $958,923 $371,147 NOTES ON FINANCIAL INFORMATION Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and General Information The Internet Society was incorporated as a non-profit corporation in the District of Columbia on December 11, 1992. The Society is exempt from Federal income tax under Section 501 (c) (3) of the Internal Revenue Code. The Internet Society is not a private foundation. Cash and Cash Equivalents For purposes of cash flows, the Internet Society considers all cash on hand, cash in banks and cash invested with a short-term maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Classification of Net Assets Net assets of the Internet Society are reported in two self-balancing groups: - Unrestricted net assets represent funds that are available for the support of the Internet Society's operations. They include contributions received without donor-imposed restrictions. - Temporarily restricted net assets represent resources that have been donated and are to be used in accordance with the stipulations set by the donor. Membership Dues Deferred revenue consists of membership dues collected in advance. Membership dues are recorded as deferred revenue upon receipt and recognised as revenue ratably over the period to which the dues relate. Platinum Sponsors Platinum donations are recognised when committed by the donor. The revenue is recorded as temporarily restricted, since the donor stipulates the use of the donated funds. When a donor restriction is accomplished, temporarily restricted net assets are reclassified to unrestricted net assets and reported in the statement of activities and change in net assets as net assets released from restrictions. Related Party Transaction October 7, 2002 the Internet Society formed a separate but related entity known as Public Interest Registry to operate the .ORG registry. Public Interest Registry (PIR) was incorporated as a Pennsylvania non-profit corporation with the Internet Society as its sole member. Soon after incorporation, PIR applied to the Internal Revenue Service for tax-exempt status under Section 501 (c) (3) of the Internal Revenue Code. In July 2004, PIR received a favourable ruling from the IRS and was granted tax-exempt status. In January 2003, the Internet Society became custodian of a $5,000,000 grant given to them on behalf of PIR. The grant is to be distributed evenly in the amount of $833,333 per year plus accrued interest through 2008. Funds are to establish an endowment to fund future operating costs of PIR. If PIR loses its status as the operator of the .ORG registry, the remaining endowment will be transferred to the successor registry operator. Awards The Jonathan B. Postel Service Award was established by the Internet Society to honour those who have made outstanding contributions in service to the data communications community. The $20,000 Award is given annually and is named after Dr. Jonathan B. Postel, who embodied technical expertise, extraordinary leadership, and service to the community during his 30-year career. Temporarily Restricted Net Assets Temporarily restricted net assets at December 31, consist of: 2004 2003 Security Expert Initiative (EU) $146,450 - Jonathan B. Postel Service Award 74 20,036 Net Assets Released from Restriction Net assets which were released from restrictions by incurring expenses, which satisfied the restrictions specified by the donor: 2004 2003 Security Expert Initiative (EU) $77,828 - Jonathan B. Postel Service Award 20,000 20,000 FOR MORE INFORMATION About ISOC ISOC Strategic Operating Plan www.isoc.org/isoc/ ISOC Financial Statements www.isoc.org/isoc/fin/ ISOC Board of Trustees www.isoc.org/isoc/general/trustees/ ISOC Staff www.isoc.org/isoc/general/staff/ Standards ISOC Internet Standards Programs www.isoc.org/standards/ Internet Engineering Task Force www.ietf.org Internet Architecture Board www.iab.org Public Policy ISOC Public Policy Programs www.isoc.org/policy/ World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS), Working Group on Internet Governance (WGIG) www.isoc.org/isoc/conferences/wsis/ Education ISOC Education Programs www.isoc.org/edu/ ISOC Workshop Resource Centre ws.edu.isoc.org Membership Individual Membership www.isoc.org/members/ Organisation Membership www.isoc.org/orgs/ ISOC Advisory Council www.isoc.org/orgs/ac.shtml Platinum Programme www.isoc.org/members/platinum.shtml ISOC Chapters www.isoc.org/chapters/ ISOC Chapter News www.isoc.org/members/newsletters/ ISOC Member Surveys www.isoc.org/members/surveys/ ISOC Discussion Groups www.isoc.org/members/discuss/ Publications ISOC Information Bulletins www.isoc.org/news/ ISOC Member Briefings www.isoc.org/briefings/ ISP Column www.isoc.org/pubs/isp/ Articles of Interest www.isoc.org/pubs/int/ Press Press Releases www.isoc.org/isoc/media/releases/ Conferences INET'04 www.isoc.org/inet04/ NDSS'04 www.isoc.org/isoc/conferences/ndss/04/ Public Interest Registry www.pir.org About the Internet Histories of the Internet www.isoc.org/internet/history/ Join ISOC today! www.isoc.org Photos courtesy of AfNOG, Hervey Allen, Bruce Campbell, Joan Cortadellas, Egyptian Ministry of Communications and Information Technology, Fundaci— Barcelona Digital, Patrik FŠltstršm, Steve Huter, the Internet Society, and Amanda Thomsen. 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